At times, the major indexes may trade flat for a considerable period of time. During the last few years, the DJIA has traded between 7,000 and 12,000. The moves up and down during this period have been rewarding. Institutions must be invested. They sometimes sell certain sectors of the market and buy other sectors to stay invested. This buying and selling is otherwise known as sector rotation. Even though the major market averages may be moving sideways for years, different sectors of the market may move up or down by 10, 20, 30 percent or more. Professional and hedge fund investors are paid big money to make big money and unlike mutual fund managers they can be long or short the market. If a sector is down 30-50 pct, as the Dow Jones Utility Index (XLE) was in 2002, the sector could finish the year flat. However, the move from down 30-50 pct to flat represented a very nice money making opportunity. An investor who purchased the Dow Jones Utility Index at the low, would have constructed a widow and orphans portfolio at a considerable discount. At the end of the year, the average investor notices the Dow Jones Utility Index flat for the year, however, the professional investor knows that the Dow Jones Utility Index returned a nice 30 pct plus in the second half.